quiz3 #s 1-3

1. Describe the four categories of output.

• Text-consists of characters (letters, numbers, punctuation marks, or any other symbol requiring one byte of computer storage space) that are used to create words, sentences, and paragraphs.

• Graphics-are digital representations of nontext information such as drawings, charts, photographs, and animation (a series of still images in rapid sequence that gives the illusion of motion).

• Audio-is music, speech, or any other sound.

• Video- consists of images played back at speeds to provide the appearance of full motion. 

2. The characteristics of LCD monitors, LCD screens, plasma monitors, and HDTVs.




Liquid crystal display (LCD)-is a thin, flat electronic visual display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals (LCs). LCs do not emit light directly.
They are used in a wide range of applications, including computer monitors, television, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, signage, etc. They are common in consumer devices such as video players, gaming devices, clocks, watches, calculators, and telephones.

3. What are the components inside the system unit.

Motherboard-sometimes called a system board is the main circuit board of the system unit.

Processor- also called the Central Processing Unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer

Control Unit- is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer.

Arithmetic Logic Unit-another component of the processor, performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations.

Machine Cycle- for every instruction, a processor repeats a set of four basic operations, which comprise a machine cycle.

System clock-the processor relies on a small quartz crystal circuit called the system clock to control the timing of all computer operations.

Dual-Core Processor-is a single chip that contains two separate processors.

Multi-core processor- is a chip with two or more separate processors.

Memory-consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processed data (information).

RAM (Random Access Memory) - also called main memory, consists of memory chips that can be read from and written to by the processor and other devices. The RAM is where most files that are used while the computer is on, are stored while being used.

Memory module-this is where RAM chips usually reside. This is a small circuit board. -Memory slots-These are the slots on the mother board that hold the memory module.

Cache-is how computers improve processing times

quiz3 #s 4-10

4. The components of a processor and how they complete a machine cycle. 

• Control unit - responsible for supervising the operation of the entire computer system.   
• Arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) -provides the computer with logical and computational capabilities.  
• Register -a storage location inside the processor.

 

5. Define a bit and describe how a series of bits represents data.

quiz 2

1. Describe various types of pen input, and identify other types of input for smart phones.

Light Pen – handheld input device that can detect light. This will pick up on existence of light. It's a hand held pen fashioned gadget having a photocell installed in its front-end. Once the front-end on the pen is actually touched on the display screen, the actual photocell registers a position associated with display.

Digitizer – A Digitizer іѕ аlѕο called a graphic tablet аnd uses a pen input device. It’s a flat, rectangle-shaped digital plastic material pad. Eνеrу position tο thе digitizer points tο matching video dіѕрlау. It’s primarily useful fοr producing roadmaps аnd аlѕο engineering blueprints. 

Stylus and Cursor - Stylus pen is actually like a ballpoint pen. It's utilized to compose textual content or make lines (or generate drawings and also pictures) on the exclusively developed graphics display or digitizer. Pen input devices found in several sophisticated graphic devices is called Digital Pen. Generally electronic digital pen supplies much more performance compared to stylus pen.

2. The purpose of various game controllers: gamepads, joysticksand wheels, light guns, dance pads,and motion-sensing game controllers.

Gamepads-control pad on an audio player allows users to scroll through music, adjust volume, and customize settings. A pointing device that controls the movement and actions of players or objects in games

Joystick and wheels- Joystick is vertical lever mounted on a base. It is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling. Joysticks are often used to control video games, and usually have one or more push-buttons whose state can also be read by the computer.

Wheel- is a steering-wheel-type input device

Light gun-a pointing device for computers and a control device for arcade and video games.Modern screen-based light guns work by building a sensor into the gun itself, and the on-screen target(s) emit light rather than the gun. The first device of this type, the light pen, was used on the MIT Whirlwind computer.The light gun and its ancestor, the light pen, are now rarely used as pointing devices due largely to the popularity of the mouse and changes in monitor display technology—conventional light guns only work with CRT monitors.

quiz2 #s 3-5

3. Explain how resolution affects the quality of a picture captured on a
digital camera.

• The higher the resolution, the better the image quality, but the more expensive the camera
• Pixel (picture element) is single point in electronic image
• Greater the number of pixels, the better the image quality

4. Describe the uses of voice recognition, Web cams, and video conferencing.

Web cam-video camera whose output displays on a Web page

Video conferencing-Two or more geographically separated people who use network or Internet to transmit audio and video data

5. Discuss how various scanners and reading devices work: optical scanners, optical readers, bar code readers, RFID readers, magnetic stripe card readers, MICR readers, and data collection devices.

Optical reader-Device that uses light source to read characters, marks, and codes and then converts them into digital data

Bar code reader-Uses laser beams to read bar codes

RFID reader-Reads information on the tag via radio waves

Magnetic stripe card reader-Reads the magnetic stripe on the back of a credit card. Exposure to a magnetic field can erase the contents of a card’s magnetic stripe

MICR reader-Can read text printed with magnetized ink. Banking industry almost exclusively uses MICR for check processing.

Data collection devices-Obtains data directly at location where transaction or event takes place. Transmits data over network or Internet

quiz2 #6

6. Summarize the various biometric devices: fingerprint reader, face recognition system, hand geometry system, voice verification system, signature verification system, and iris recognition system.

Fingerprint reader-was a device that was sold by Microsoft primarily targeted at home and small business users which is currently discontinued

Voice verification system-compares live speech with stored voice pattern

Signature verification-system recognizes shape of signature

Iris recognition system-reads patterns in blood vessels in back of eye

Hand geometry system-measures shape and size of person’s hand

quiz-1&2

1. Define input and differentiate among a program, command, and user response.
     
Input device is any peripheral (piece of computer hardware equipment) used to provide data and      control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or other information appliance. It is any hardware device that sends data to the computer, without any input devices, a computer would only be a display device and not allow users to interact with it, much like a TV. 

    

        Many input devices can be classified according to:

• modality of input (e.g. mechanical motion, audio, visual, etc.)
• the input is discrete (e.g. key presses) or continuous (e.g. a mouse's position, though digitized into a discrete quantity, is fast enough to be considered continuous)
• the number of degrees of freedom involved (e.g. two-dimensional traditional mice, or three-dimensional navigators designed for CAD applications)

Program is a sequence of instructions written to perform a specified task for a computer. A computer requires programs to function, typically executing the program's instructions in a central processor. The program has an executable form that the computer can use directly to execute the instructions.

Command is a directive to a computer program acting as an interpreter of some kind, in order to perform a specific task. Most commonly a command is a directive to some kind of command line interface, such as a shell. Specifically, the term command is used in imperative computer languages. These languages are called this, because statements in these languages are usually written in a manner similar to the imperative mood used in many natural languages.



2. Identify the keys and buttons commonly found on desktop computer keyboards, and describe how keyboards for mobile computers and devices differ from desktop computer keyboards.

Escape - Esc is used to back out of situations. When you find yourself in a place where you don't want to be, try the Esc key. In PowerPoint this key will stop a running slide show. The keyboard combination Ctrl + Esc will open the Start menu.
F1 - While working in an application, depressing this key will bring up the applications help menu. If there is no open application F1 will open Windows Help .
F2 - Choose this key to rename a selected item.  
Alt + Ctrl + F2 to open a new document in MS Word
Ctrl + F2 to open print preview in MS Word (this is a toggle, tap the keys again to return to the edit page)

F3 - Depressing this key will display the Find: All Files dialog box.
 2 - Shift + F3 will change case in MS Word. Continue to press F3 ( with the Shift key depressed) to toggle through all choices.
F4 - Holding down the Alt key while depressing F4 closes the current active window. If there is no active window this opens the Shut Down dialog box. 
2 - Repeat an action with F4. For example, if your last action was to format a word as Bold, you can repeat the procedure by highlighting another word and depressing F4 . This continues to work until your next action. (Thanks to George Held for this shortcut)
F5 - Select this key to refresh the contents of a dialog box, such as the Save As or Open dialog boxes, or in a window such as a Windows Explorer window. 
2 - Refresh a browser window; IE refreshes immediately, Google Chrome, Firefox, and Safari all ask for confirmation before refreshing 
3 - Open the Find and Replace dialog box in MS Word 
4 - F5 + Ctrl + Shift to insert a bookmark in MS Word 
5 - Use this key to start a slide show in MS PowerPoint
F6 - F6 + Ctrl to move to a previous window if you have multiple documents open in MS Word 
2 - F6 + Alt to move to a previous window if you have multiple documents open in MS Word
F7 - Perform Spell and Grammar check in MS Word 
2 - F7 + Shift when a word is selected to access the thesaurus in MS Word
F10 - Activates Menu Bar options. Use right and left arrows to select menus and down arrows to display pull down menus. This is especially useful on the newer versions of IE because the menu bar is not displayed by default. 
2 - F10 + Shift - Depressing this key combination will display the selected item's shortcut window. This is the menu that is displayed by right-clicking .
F11 - In Internet Explorer this key will allow you to toggle back and forth between full screen view (all toolbars compressed into one thin line) and normal view 
2 - In Excel this key will make a chart using data that you have highlighted 
3 - F11 + Shift - in Excel this keyboard combination will add worksheets to the workbook. Each time you tap F11 a new worksheet is added.
F12 - Open a new document in MS Word 
2 - F12 + Ctrl + Shift to print in MS Word 
3 - F12 + Shift to Save in MS Word 
4 - F12 to open the Save As dialog box in MS Word  
Print Screen - Don't look at your printer after pressing this key. This sends a copy of whatever is on the screen to the clipboard. One common use of this action is to paste the clipboard into Paint to copy a portion of an image for use in another application. As an example look at the Windows logo in the Windows key section of this page. That was produced by copying a small portion of the desktop image and pasting into a web page developer. If you wish to copy only the active window, hold down the Alt key, then tap on the Print Screen key. It will copy only that window that is active, not the whole desktop.

* (Asterisk) - Ctrl + Shift + * to select the current region around an active cell in MS Excel. This can be quite useful in creating charts.
Hyphen (dash) - Ctrl + - (Hyphen) to bring up the Delete dialog box in MS Excel
[ - Ctrl + [ to decrease font size of highlighted text one point at a time (MS Word and MS PowerPoint)
] - Ctrl + ] to increase font size of highlighted text one point at a time (MS Word and MS PowerPoint)
P - Ctrl + P to print in many applications 
2 - Ctrl + P to bring up the pen if you are showing a PowerPoint show
E - E to erase whatever you drew using the pen during a PowerPoint show
A - Ctrl + A to select all in many applications 
2 - Ctrl + A to replace the pen with the arrow pointer if you are in a PowerPoint show
B - Ctrl + B to make selected text Bold 
2 - B to make the screen Black if you are showing a PowerPoint show [this does not work in edit mode, just in show]
W - Ctrl + W to close a window 
2 - W to make the screen White if you are showing a PowerPoint show [this does not work in edit mode, just in show]
Z - Ctrl + Z to undo (to Zap an error)
N - Ctrl + N to get a new document in many applications [MS Office, Photoshop, Internet Browsers and others]
X - Ctrl + X to cut selected text or images
Q - Ctrl + Q to quit (or Exit) the active application
C - Ctrl + C to copy selected text or images
V - Ctrl + V to paste text or images that have been cut or copied
S - Ctrl + S to save a document
D - Ctrl + D to make a favorite in Internet Explorer
Tab - This key can be used to move forward through options in a dialog box. 
2 - Ctrl + Shift + Tab can be used to move backward through the options. 
3 - Ctrl + Tab allows movement from one open window to the next in an application with more than one open window. 
4 - Alt + Tab displays a list of open application windows. Keeping Alt depressed and selecting Tab cycles through the list. Releasing selects the highlighted application window. 
Caps Lock - An obvious function, but some things that are not so obvious need to be said. This key should be used with caution, if at all. A document, even a headline of a document, produced in all caps is hard for the eye to scan. If you are producing documents, or slide shows, for the purpose of communicating with some audience, you should avoid anything that makes that communication less clear. All caps is difficult for voice recognition software to interpret. All caps in Email is widely understood to be shouting or yelling at someone. Furthermore, new users should not be taught to use the caps lock key in place of depressing the Shift key to produce capital letters. 
Shift - The obvious use of this key is to allow selection of capital letters when depressing the alphabet characters, or selecting the characters above the keys on the row just below the F keys. 
2 - Depressing the Shift key while inserting a CD-ROM will bypass auto play. 
3 - Use the keyboard combination Shift + Delete to permanently delete a selected item, not simply moving it to the Recycle Bin. 
4 - Shift + arrow key(s) to extend the area of selected data in MS Excel 
5 - Adding the Shift key to most keyboard shortcuts will perform the reverse action. For example: Spacebar scrolls down in IE but Shift + Spacebar scrolls up, in MS Excel depressing the Enter key moves to the cell below and Shift + Enter moves to the cell above , likewise in MS Excel depressing the Tab key moves to the cell to the right and Shift + Tab moves to the cell to the left.
Ctrl - Depressing the Ctrl key while clicking allows multiple selections. Holding the Ctrl key down and pressing another key will initiate quite a few actions.

quiz-3&4

3. Describe different mouse types and explain how to use a mouse.

Mechanical mouse requires a ball to move the cursor on the screen. to get more efficacies with this type of mice, a flat surface named mouse pad is necessary.

Optomechanical or optical-mechanical mouse is a combination of the optical and the mechanical technologies. It uses a ball but detects the mouse movement optically. It is now the most commonly used with PC.

Optical mouse uses a laser; precisely an optical sensor to help detecting the mouse’s moving. More expensive than the two other types, the optical mouses offer more precision and speed and even can be used on any surface.

To be really useful, the mouse has to be connected to your PC. To transmit data to the computer three types of interfaces can be used:

The RS-232C serial port connects the mouse to the computer through a thin electrical cord using a 9 pin connector.

The PS/2 port do the same as the first interface mentioned but using a 6 pin connector.

The USB interface receives various types of mice through a USB connector. One of these advantages to use the USB mouse is the possibility to plug-and-play (it) in front or in the back of your computer case, when it contains these kinds of port.

Wireless mouse one of the most interesting mouse technologies invented which relies infrared, radio signals or Bluetooth to communicate with the computer. Using no cord, the wireless mouse contains a transmitter to send information to a receiver itself connected to the computer. The wireless mouse is usable from 2m to 10m of the computer.

Cordless mouse uses the wireless communication technology (via infrared, radio or Bluetooth) to transmit data to the computer. And like the wireless, it doesn’t use any cord.

How to use a mouse

Steps

1. Connect the mouse. If you drag it around the arrow on the screen should move around with it. If not, you may have a technical problem. Sometimes the arrow will dart around in spurts, or will move too slowly. The former will require troubleshooting (probably downloading a driver) and the latter can be adjusted in your computer's settings. If this doesn't work, consider using a wrench to open your mouse and remove any broken objects.
2. Mice (more than one mouse) can be used by either hand. If you are left handed, you can just place the mouse on the other side of the keyboard, if it reaches. The mouse will work the same
3. Hold the mouse correctly. For Windows or PC users, place your pointer finger on the left button, and your ring finger on the right button. If your mouse has a button or ‘wheel’ I the middle, your middle finger can operat this, For Mac users, the mouse usually has only one button. Use any of your three center fingers to press the buttom.
4. To click, press the button (usually the left one, when there are two) and promptly release it. It should be a firm, quick tap, and the mouse should be still when you do it.
5. To double click (for opening applications, documents or folders), you must click (the left button) twice in rapid succession. If you have physical trouble with the required speed, your computer can be adjusted to suit your neds.
6. To drag files, press and hold the (left) button, then move the mouse without letting the button go until the file is where you want it to be.
7.  Use mouse gestures. When you feel more confident you may like to set up mouse gestures.
   
   

Tips

• If the mouse isn't working properly for you, you may need to Clean the Mouse Ball if it has one.
• Don't be afraid to ask for help from someone who has been using their mouse for a while. Most people are happy to help.
• For moving the mouse quickly, use your thumb and pinky fingers to 'pinch' the mouse and lift it slightly in order to move it around. The thumb and pinky can also help to stabilize the mouse as you attempt to click with your other fingers.
• If you suffer from arthritis, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, or just a sore wrist after using a mouse, try the following:
• Use a wrist stabilizer while operating a mouse. This will take a while to get used to, as the brace will require slightly longer finger movements to click.
• Purchase a "vertical" mouse, or a mouse with an attached wrist support. These also have a learning curve, but will relieve stress on your wrist. A "vertical" style mouse can aid in improving blood flow to your wrists.
• Purchase a trackball.

4. Describe various types of touch screens and explain how a touch sensitive pad works.

Resistive Touch screen-type screens lack the clarity of other touch screens but they tend to be very durable and can be used in a variety of environments. Resistive-type screens are the most common in use today.

 This type of touch screen is made up of three sheets; 

• conductive

•  resistive 

  protective layer

For making the touch screen conductive and resistive layer are place together with a space between. This space allows the current to pass through it when finger press the screen. This current receive the information is then processed into the desired action. The upper layer on the glass is protection layer so that it protects the screen from scratches in case of odd resistance.

Advantages of Resistive Touch Screen

1. It has comparatively longer life.
2. It is used in many different ways.
3. It is a very common type of touch screen.
4. It is cheap and so approachable.
5. Due to their durability, they are widely used in commercial zone.

Disadvantages of Resistive Touch Screen

1. It emits less light as 75 % so fails to give sharp image.
2. Its appearance is bulky.

Capacitive Touch screen

As the name describe the type of this touch screen. A thin capacitor or electronically charge sheet is placed on the glass. In response to the finger touch some of the charge from the capacitive layer shifts to the finger.
An interesting myth works over here for the functionality of touch screen. You know that capacitor works with electricity then what is the reason it responses to the human touch. Do you remember that electric shock is given to the human heart at the time of heart failure? This is because many electrons are moving in the human cells. When we touch the capacitive screen some of the charge from the screen travel towards the finger and on sheet it decreases.  This reduction in charge sheet processes the application on touch screen.

Advantages of Capacitive Touch Screen

·         It emits 90% of light ray to make screen clear.